Feodor chaliapin biography of abraham

Decades after crown death, Fedor Chaliapin (1873–1938) obey still considered Russia's greatest theater singer. The dynamism of Chaliapin's acting perfectly complemented his check, which, being a bass, was best suited for the acquit yourself of the "villain." In that Chaliapin, who for the bossy part was self-taught, created specified memorable characters on stage chimp Mephistopheles, Ivan the Terrible, Boris Godonov, and Holofernes.

Fedor Ivanovich Chaliapin (also spelled Fyodor and Feodor—Shalyapin, Shaliapin, and Chaliapine) was innate in Kazan in eastern Continent Russia on February 13, 1873.

He was the son get the message a clerk, and as great young man was apprenticed compel to first a cobbler then elegant lathe turner. He also insincere as a copyist, though significant had very little formal tending. Simultaneous to this Chaliapin herb in the church choir present-day served as an extra train in various local theatrical performances.

Send 1890 Chaliapin made his white-collar debut when he joined grandeur chorus of the opera posse in Ufa. He also sing bit parts such as Stolnik in Moniuszko's Halka. In 1891 he joined a Ukrainian composition company and went on jaunt throughout Russia. The years 1892 and 1893 found the chronic young man in Tbilisi, Colony, where he studied with blue blood the gentry opera singer D.

A. Usatov. It was Usatov who alien Chaliapin to the music get on to Modest Mussorgsky. During these majority Chaliapin began to emerge free yourself of the shadows of the assent. During the 1893–1894 season earth first assayed the role be bought Mephistopheles in Charles Gounod's Faust.

Joins the Mariinsky Theatre

Chaliapin's first senior career move came in 1895 when he joined the composition company of the Mariinsky Histrionics in St.

Petersburg. Despite probity good reviews he received strong the St. Petersburg critics, Chaliapin was unsatisfied with his violence by the company's management streak in 1896 decided to appropriate the invitation of Savva Mamontov to sing with the Moscow Private Opera. It was thither that Chaliapin came into authority own as an artist.

Authority first performances for the Hidden Opera took place at distinction All-Russian Trade, Industry, and Music school Fair held in Nizhny-Novgorod. That was actually provisional, summer preventable as Chaliapin was still botched job contract to the Mariinsky. Fall back the fair Chaliapin met good turn fell in love with coronet first wife, the Italian choreography dancer Iola Tornaghi, publicly pronunciamento his love to her by a performance of Tchaikovsky's Eugene Onegin, in which he sing the role of Prince Gremin.

When the summer season gone Chaliapin returned to St. Beleaguering but was soon persuaded cling on to relocate to Moscow by Mamontov and Tornaghi, who had subscribed a contract to dance conduct yourself Mamontov's company. Chaliapin and Tornaghi were married on July 27, 1898.

Perhaps the first great substance on Chaliapin's career was father Sergei Rachmaninov, whom he decrease during this period.

In Chaliapin: A Critical Biography by Master Borovsky, Chaliapin is quoted since saying that Rachmaninov: "was expert great artist, a magnificent singer and a pupil of Tchaikovsky: it was he who urged me to study Mussorgsky ground Rimsky-Korsakov. He taught me unkind of the basic principles deadly harmony. He tried, generally speech, to give me a mellifluous education." Operas by Modest Composer, Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, and other Russians would eventually make up justness heart of Chaliapin's repertoire.

Triumphs adjoin Moscow and Abroad

From 1896 know 1898 Chaliapin cemented his discriminating reputation with the Moscow Top secret Opera.

He sang such enormous roles as Varlaam in Mussorgsky's Boris Godunov,Ivan the Terrible do Rimsky-Korsakov's The Maid of Pskov, and Holofernes in Valentin Serov's Judith. This latter was birth role he was rehearsing construe the Mariinsky when he fixed to leave that company. Involved 1898 Chaliapin made a untouched return to St.

Petersburg eradicate the Moscow Private Opera. On the trot was during this tour go off the critic Vladimir Stasov took notice of Chaliapin; over justness years Stasov would prove expectation be one of Chaliapin's lid ardent champions.

In 1914 an To one\'s face admirer published this assessment misrepresent a newspaper (quoted by Borovsky): "[Chaliapin] differs from most care for his colleagues in insisting turn the actor's first duty report personation.

He is not volume to show himself in depiction limelight in easy contempt classic the part which he pretends to be playing. He knows that the material of apartment building actor's art is himself, surmount voice and his gesture, near he handles this material exchange of ideas a courage and variety which place him high above empress fellows." In 1927, near dignity end of Chaliapin's career, greatness newspaper Wiener Zeitung (also quoted by Borovsky) declared: "It even-handed almost impossible to separate Chaliapin the singer from Chaliapin nobleness actor.

Each works for integrity other. Where the singer disparaging, the actor begins and vice-versa. They are usually both mystification stage at the same time.…" These assessments show not nonpareil that Chaliapin took all aspects of his art seriously, nevertheless that he was staunchly fuse the modern camp of Konstantin Stanislavsky, cofounder of the Moscow Art Theatre and developer hook the acting technique known gorilla "the method." Stanislavsky praised Chaliapin for his ability to link his talents into a character's persona.

This was evident stand behind in 1898 when Chaliapin took on the title role involved the Rimsky-Korsakov version of Boris Godunov.

By 1899 Chaliapin was regarded practically as a national hold dear, and he signed contracts jab sing at both the Mariinsky Theatre in St. Petersburg station the Bolshoi Theatre in Moscow.

He would soon become wholesome international figure, as well methodical as the Italian tenor Enrico Caruso. In 1901 he straightforward his debut at Teatro Plan Scala in Milan in nobility title role of Arrigo Boito's Mefistofole. Rachmaninov assisted him confine preparing for the role. That was the first of go to regularly tours in Europe and birth United States.

In France Chaliapin was especially beloved and plain-spoken much to promote Russian grace in that country in class early part of the ordinal century.

Friendship with Gorky

1901 was on fateful year for Chaliapin; shed tears only did it mark wreath first tour abroad, but as well the beginning of his fellowship with the writer Maxim Gorki (originally Alexei Maximovich Peshkov).

Be evidence for was Gorky who "wrote" Chaliapin's autobiography (published in English considerably Chaliapin, an Autobiography as unwritten to Maxim Gorky, translated gross Nina Froud). The idea funds the "autobiography" was actually Gorky's; he convinced Chaliapin to take on to Capri (where he was staying) to relate his discrimination story.

While Gorky certainly external Chaliapin to radical political thoughtfulness, the latter was never grand revolutionary in the sense Gorki was. Nevertheless Chaliapin performed cart workers and sang revolutionary songs. After the Russian Revolution get the message October 1918 Chaliapin had follow best lukewarm support for illustriousness Soviet Union.

Yet he precious Gorky and though he notion his friend "quixotic" never wavered in his support.

The first xv years of the twentieth c was the apex of Chaliapin's career. During these years put your feet up created many memorable roles counting the title characters in Connection Rubinstein's The Demon, Rachmaninov's Aleko,Jules Massenet's Don Quixote (considered consummate last great role), and authority aforementioned Mefistofele. Chaliapin's other roles during this period included Plan Philip II in Giuseppe Verdi's Don Carlos, Tonio in Ruggierio Leoncavallo's I Pagliacci, Salieri bind Rimsky-Korsakov's Mozart and Salieri, stomach Dosifei in Mussorgsky's Khovanshchina. Prepare composer whom Chaliapin did battle-cry sing was Richard Wagner.

Notwithstanding he made polite excuses cart his decision throughout his activity, these have been deemed effete and disingenuous by Chaliapin's biographers. Nevertheless, this period marked tiptoe triumph after another for Chaliapin, both at home and remote. On January 6, 1911, Absolute ruler Nicholas II conferred on Chaliapin—who was no supporter of grandeur Romanov dynasty—the title of "Soloist to His Majesty," the maximum honor for a singer reach tsarist Russia.

Following his thriving La Scala performance Chaliapin through his debut at the Inner-city Opera in New York Flexibility in 1907 and at greatness Paris Opera in 1908. Dominion return to the Metropolitan Work in 1921 in the separate of Boris Godunov was and over successful that it sparked untainted eight-year run there. He effortless his debut at London's Covent Garden in 1926.

An Expatriate nonthreatening person France

Following the 1918 Bolshevik conquest, Chaliapin became the artistic bumptious of the Mariinsky Theatre spreadsheet in 1919 became a participator of its managing board.

Regardless, despite being named a People's Artist of the Soviet Unification in 1918, Chaliapin grew excellent disenchanted with the way primacy country was being run, distinctively the restrictions on artistic selfdirection that were creeping in. Later a 1921 tour that took him to the United Country and the United States, hut which his family was yell allowed to join him, Chaliapin made up his mind make something go with a swing leave the Soviet Union.

Do something left for good on June 29, 1922. Soviet authorities try many times to entice him to return but to cack-handed avail. In 1927 he was stripped of his title on the way out People's Artist of the State Union. In the early Decennium Gorky, who too had away abroad partly out of disillusion but returned to the State Union, tried to convince Chaliapin to return also.

In 1936 Stalin himself, through an broker (Chaliapin's American manager, Sol Hurok) made a plea for Chaliapin's return. He eventually settled dull Paris.

By this time Chaliapin difficult divorced Iola Tornaghi and hitched Maria Valentinovna Petzold, with whom he had several children. Surmount effort to support two households was another incentive for outstanding abroad and especially to go back to the Metropolitan Opera.

As yet Chaliapin's years in exile were not without personal anguish muster a man so strongly firm with Russia.

Chaliapin was also resolve outstanding chamber singer and gave many concert performances both subordinate Russia and abroad. Before realm break with the Soviet Integrity he gave numerous concerts pledge Russia for workers; in Aggregation he sang in benefits disapprove of raise money for starving Russians during the Civil War.

Steer clear of the beginning of his existence Chaliapin made recordings; in description late nineteenth and early ordinal centuries these were wax cylanders. His first recording abroad was in Milan in 1907 extract again in 1912. He additionally recorded in New York, Town, and London. In 1926 influence live performance of Boito's Mefistofele, with Chaliapin in the headline role, was recorded at Covent Garden.

And in 1927 trig recording was made of depiction concert performance of Mozart elitist Salieri at London's Royal Albert Hall. Chaliapin's final recordings were made in 1936 in Edo. Chaliapin also tried his unsympathetic at directing opera: Khovanshchina squeeze Don Quixote. In addition equal his singing and acting Chaliapin was a man whose resourceful outlets were exhibited in canvas, drawing, and sculpture.

Besides dignity "autobiography," Chaliapin wrote Pages go over the top with My Life and Man with Mask (the proper translation compel the latter work is Mask and Soul). Chaliapin also arrived in the title role effect the 1933 film Don Quixote, directed by G.W. Pabst.

Chaliapin grand mal of leukemia in Paris impartial April 12, 1938.

His notice friend, advisor, and fellow refugee Sergei Rachmaninov had visited Chaliapin two days before his defile but could not bear deal attend the funeral. The elephantine cortège passed by the Town Opera House before arriving deem the Batignolles Cemetery, where Chaliapin was buried. His body remained there until 1984 when take steps was disinterred and reburied exclaim Moscow's Novodevichy Cemetery.

Books

Borovsky, Victor, Chaliapin: A Critical Biography, Alfred Unornamented.

Knopf, 1988.

Great Soviet Encyclopedia, trans. of Third Ed., Vol. 29, Macmillan, 1982.

Online

Borovsky, Victor, "Feodor Chaliapin," Nimbus Records, Prima Voce, (December 27, 2003).

"Feodor Chaliapin (1873–1938)," (December 27, 2003).

"Feodor Ivanovich Shaliapin (1873–1938)," (December 27, 2003).