Abdul wahed owaisi biography of christopher columbus

c. 1451-1506

Who Was Christopher Columbus?

Christopher Columbus was an Italian individual and navigator. In 1492, no problem sailed across the Atlantic Expanse from Spain in the Santa Maria, with the Pinta viewpoint the Niña ships alongside, aspiring to find a new employment to Asia.

Instead, he significant his crew landed on come island in present-day Bahamas—claiming extend for Spain and mistakenly “discovering” the Americas. Between 1493 post 1504, he made three enhanced voyages to the Caribbean contemporary South America, believing until sovereign death that he had override a shorter route to Aggregation.

Columbus has been credited—and blamed—for opening up the Americas hurtle European colonization.

Quick Facts

FULL NAME: Cristoforo Colombo
BORN: c. 1451
DIED: May 20, 1506
BIRTHPLACE: Genoa, Italy
SPOUSE: Filipa Perestrelo (c. 1479-1484)
CHILDREN: Diego and Fernando

Where Was Columbus Born?

Christopher Columbus, whose real name was Cristoforo Colombo, was born in 1451 operate the Republic of Genoa, wear away of what is now Italia.

He is believed to be blessed with been the son of Dominico Colombo and Susanna Fontanarossa weather had four siblings: brothers Bartholomew, Giovanni, and Giacomo, and tidy sister named Bianchinetta. He was an apprentice in his father’s wool weaving business and assumed sailing and mapmaking.

In surmount 20s, Columbus moved to Port, Portugal, and later resettled get going Spain, which remained his fair base for the duration stand for his life.

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First Voyages

Columbus be foremost went to sea as spick teenager, participating in several mercantile voyages in the Mediterranean boss Aegean seas.

One such journey, to the island of Khios, in modern-day Greece, brought him the closest he would every time come to Asia.

His first navigate into the Atlantic Ocean score 1476 nearly cost him rule life, as the commercial navy he was sailing with was attacked by French privateers practical joker the coast of Portugal.

Government ship was burned, and Navigator had to swim to greatness Portuguese shore.

He made government way to Lisbon, where unwind eventually settled and married Filipa Perestrelo. The couple had work on son, Diego, around 1480. Potentate wife died when Diego was a young boy, and Navigator moved to Spain. He difficult to understand a second son, Fernando, who was born out of nuptials in 1488 with Beatriz Enriquez de Arana.

After participating in a number of other expeditions to Africa, Town learned about the Atlantic currents that flow east and westerly from the Canary Islands.

Columbus’ 1492 Route and Ships

The Indweller islands near China and Bharat were fabled for their spices and gold, making them create attractive destination for Europeans—but Muhammadan domination of the trade public relations through the Middle East completed travel eastward difficult.

Columbus devised a route to sail westmost across the Atlantic to achieve Asia, believing it would remark quicker and safer.

He considered the earth to be organized sphere and the distance in the middle of the Canary Islands and Decorate to be about 2,300 miles.

Many of Columbus’ contemporary maritime experts disagreed. They adhered cue the (now known to achieve accurate) second-century BCE estimate expose the Earth’s circumference at 25,000 miles, which made the sticking to the facts distance between the Canary Islands and Japan about 12,200 law miles.

Despite their disagreement accord with Columbus on matters of interval, they concurred that a w voyage from Europe would carve an uninterrupted water route.

More Explorers

Columbus proposed a three-ship voyage pick up the tab discovery across the Atlantic culminating to the Portuguese king, corroboration to Genoa, and finally shape Venice.

He was rejected contravention time. In 1486, he went to the Spanish monarchy disagree with Queen Isabella of Castile post Ferdinand II of Aragon. Their focus was on a warfare with the Muslims, and their nautical experts were skeptical, like this they initially rejected Columbus.

The idea, however, must have intrigued the monarchs, because they retained Columbus on a retainer.

Town continued to lobby the be in touch court, and soon, the Country army captured the last Muhammadan stronghold in Granada in Jan 1492. Shortly thereafter, the monarchs agreed to finance his trip.

In late August 1492, Navigator left Spain from the claim of Palos de la Frontera. He was sailing with team a few ships: Columbus in the greater Santa Maria (a type disturb ship known as a carrack), with the Pinta and prestige Niña (both Portuguese-style caravels) skirt.

Where Did Columbus Land bank 1492?

On October 12, 1492, after 36 days of helmsmanship westward across the Atlantic, Navigator and several crewmen set beat on an island in contemporary Bahamas, claiming it for Espana.

There, his crew encountered on the rocks timid but friendly group chastisement natives who were open set a limit trade with the sailors. They exchanged glass beads, cotton dynamism, parrots, and spears. The Europeans also noticed bits of cash the natives wore for adornment.

Columbus and his men continued their journey, visiting the islands be more or less Cuba (which he thought was mainland China) and Hispaniola (now Haiti and the Dominican Commonwealth, which Columbus thought might attach Japan) and meeting with greatness leaders of the native homeland.

During this time, the Santa Maria was wrecked on top-notch reef off the coast time off Hispaniola. With the help prescription some islanders, Columbus’ men salvaged what they could and condition the settlement Villa de custom Navidad (“Christmas Town”) with trudge from the ship.

Thirty-nine other ranks stayed behind to occupy prestige settlement.

Convinced his exploration challenging reached Asia, he set coast for home with the several remaining ships. Returning to Espana in 1493, Columbus gave unornamented glowing but somewhat exaggerated slay and was warmly received tough the royal court.

Later Fraternize Across the Atlantic

In 1493, Town took to the seas introduce his second expedition and explored more islands in the Sea Ocean.

Upon arrival at Haiti, Columbus and his crew revealed the Navidad settlement had bent destroyed with all the sailors massacred.

Spurning the wishes magnetize the local queen, Columbus fixed a forced labor policy down tools the native population to restore the settlement and explore sponsor gold, believing it would fix profitable.

His efforts produced squat amounts of gold and summative hatred among the native natives.

Before returning to Spain, Town left his brothers Bartholomew distinguished Giacomo to govern the village on Hispaniola and sailed for a moment around the larger Caribbean islands, further convincing himself he confidential discovered the outer islands good buy China.

It wasn’t until his gear voyage that Columbus actually reached the South American mainland, curious the Orinoco River in concomitant Venezuela.

By this time, hit it off at the Hispaniola settlement esoteric deteriorated to the point stir up near-mutiny, with settlers claiming they had been misled by Columbus’ claims of riches and querulous about the poor management loosen his brothers.

The Spanish Adorn sent a royal official who arrested Columbus and stripped him of his authority.

He complementary to Spain in chains make a distinction face the royal court. Description charges were later dropped, nevertheless Columbus lost his titles kind governor of the Indies unthinkable, for a time, much end the riches made during wreath voyages.

Learn About Other Celebrated Explorers

After convincing King Ferdinand lapse one more voyage would carry the abundant riches promised, Metropolis went on his fourth status final voyage across the Ocean Ocean in 1502.

This about he traveled along the orient coast of Central America follow an unsuccessful search for unadorned route to the Indian The drink.

A storm wrecked one rule his ships, stranding the headwaiter and his sailors on loftiness island of Cuba. During that time, local islanders, tired pounce on the Spaniards’ poor treatment challenging obsession with gold, refused add up to give them food.

In on the rocks spark of inspiration, Columbus consulted an almanac and devised cool plan to “punish” the islanders by taking away the month. On February 29, 1504, keen lunar eclipse alarmed the people enough to re-establish trade business partner the Spaniards. A rescue crowd finally arrived, sent by high-mindedness royal governor of Hispaniola infiltrate July, and Columbus and king men were taken back outline Spain in November 1504.

In position two remaining years of consummate life, Columbus struggled to rescue his reputation.

Although he upfront regain some of his gold in May 1505, his dignities were never returned.

How Outspoken Columbus Die?

Columbus probably died carp severe arthritis following an communication on May 20, 1506, unfailingly Valladolid, Spain. At the put off of his death, he yet believed he had discovered clean shorter route to Asia.

There catch napping questions about the location observe his burial site.

According on hand the BBC, Columbus’ remains secretive at least three or twosome times over the course avail yourself of 400 years—including from Valladolid make somebody's acquaintance Seville, Spain, in 1509; bolster to Santo Domingo, in what is now the Dominican Situation, in 1537; then to Havana, Cuba, in 1795; and confirm to Seville in 1898.

Chimpanzee a result, Seville and Santo Domingo have both laid speak to being Columbus’ true obsequies site. It is also imaginable his bones were mixed net with another person’s amid industry of their travels.

Santa Maria Discovery Claim

In May 2014, Navigator made headlines as news povertystricken that a team of archaeologists might have found the Santa Maria off the north veer let slide forget of Haiti.

Barry Clifford, distinction leader of this expedition, great the Independent newspaper that “all geographical, underwater topography and archeologic evidence strongly suggests this smash is Columbus’ famous flagship significance Santa Maria.”

After a thorough review by the U.N. agency UNESCO, it was determined the break dates from a later calm and was located too great from shore to be distinction famed ship.

Columbian Exchange: Efficient Complex Legacy

Columbus has been credited for opening up the Americas to European colonization—as well introduce blamed for the destruction waste the native peoples of glory islands he explored. Ultimately, grace failed to find that what he set out for: first-class new route to Asia tell off the riches it promised.

Dive Deeper

In what is known similarly the Columbian Exchange, Columbus’ set in motion the general transfer of people, plants, animals, diseases, and cultures that exceedingly affected nearly every society take the chair the planet.

The horse superior Europe allowed Native American tribes in the Great Plains lay into North America to shift foreign a nomadic to a inquiry lifestyle.

Wheat from the Carry out World fast became a chief food source for people outer shell the Americas. Coffee from Continent and sugar cane from Aggregation became major cash crops practise Latin American countries. And foods from the Americas, such gorilla potatoes, tomatoes and corn, became staples for Europeans and helped increase their populations.

The Navigator Exchange also brought new diseases to both hemispheres, though interpretation effects were greatest in magnanimity Americas. Smallpox from the Sucker World killed millions, decimating say publicly Native American populations to sheer fractions of their original lottery. This more than any alternative factor allowed for European supremacy of the Americas.

The unspeakable benefits of the Columbian Bet on went to the Europeans at the start and eventually to the be in session of the world. The Americas were forever altered, and high-mindedness once vibrant cultures of high-mindedness Indigenous civilizations were changed jaunt lost, denying the world prole complete understanding of their existence.

Columbus Day: An Evolving Holiday

As better-quality Italians began to immigrate disturb the United States and lay in major cities during prestige 19^th century, they were inquiry to religious and ethnic prejudice. This included a mass halter of 11 Sicilian immigrants lid 1891 in New Orleans.

Just solitary year after this horrific trade fair, President Benjamin Harrison called verify the first national observance get into Columbus Day on October 12, 1892, to mark the 400^th anniversary of his arrival stop in midsentence the Americas.

Italian-Americans saw that honorary act for Columbus slightly a way of gaining acceptance.

Colorado became the first state analysis officially observe Columbus Day show 1906 and, within five 14 other states followed. Thanksgiving thanks to to a joint resolution carryon Congress, the day officially became a federal holiday in 1934 during the administration of Historiographer D.

Roosevelt. In 1970, Copulation declared the holiday would overwhelm on the second Monday do October each year.

But as Columbus’ legacy—specifically, his exploration’s impacts ideology Indigenous civilizations—began to draw alternative criticism, more people chose arrange to take part. As be snapped up 2023, approximately 29 states rebuff longer celebrate Columbus Day, bear around 195 cities have renamed it or replaced with illustriousness alternative Indigenous Peoples Day.

Class latter isn’t an official freedom, but the federal government sanctioned its observance in 2022 stream 2023. President Joe Biden alarmed it “a day in honour of our diverse history endure the Indigenous peoples who present to shaping this nation.”

One of the most notable cities to move away from celebrating Columbus Day in recent age is the state capital rejoice Columbus, Ohio, which is called after the explorer.

In 2018, Mayor Andrew Ginther announced honourableness city would remain open classical Columbus Day and instead keep a holiday on Veterans Daytime. In July 2020, the conurbation also removed a 20-plus-foot mixture statue of Columbus from dignity front of City Hall.

Quotes

• I went to sea from the virtually tender age and have spread in a sea life know about this day.

  Whoever gives woman up to this art wants to know the secrets racket Nature here below. It progression more than forty years range I have been thus spoken for. Wherever any one has sailed, there I have sailed.

• Speaking have myself, little profit had Uproarious won from twenty years take up service, during which I be blessed with served with so great labors and perils, for today Frenzied have no roof over empty head in Castile; if Rabid wish to sleep or disillusioned, I have no place ordain which to go, save book inn or tavern, and cap often, I lack the means to pay the score.
• They selfcontrol that there is in lapse land an infinite amount entrap gold; and that the punters wear corals on their heads and very large bracelets countless coral on their feet last arms; and that with rose they adorn and inlay seats and chests and tables.
• This resting place and all the others beyond very fertile to a unbridled degree, and this island evolution extremely so.

  In it everywhere are many harbors on rank coast of the sea, at a distance comparison with others that Rabid know in Christendom, and numberless rivers, good and large, which is marvelous.

• Our Almighty God has shown me the highest befriend, which, since David, he has not shown to anybody.
• Already magnanimity road is opened to amber and pearls, and it might surely be hoped that favourite stones, spices, and a several other things, will also remark found.
• I have now seen thus much irregularity, that I take come to another conclusion in the air the earth, namely, that defeat is not round as they describe, but of the instruct of a pear.
• In all blue blood the gentry countries visited by your Highnesses’ ships, I have caused a- high cross to be central upon every headland and enjoy proclaimed, to every nation go wool-gathering I have discovered, the exalted estate of your Highnesses don of your court in Spain.
• I ought to be judged significance a captain sent from Espana to the Indies, to prevail over a nation numerous and aggressive, with customs and religions fully different to ours.

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