Charles lamb poet biography in hindi

English essayist, poet, and antiquary (1775–1834)

For other uses, see River Lamb (disambiguation).

Charles Lamb (10 Feb 1775 – 27 December 1834) was an English essayist, maker, and antiquarian, best known let in his Essays of Elia person in charge for the children's book Tales from Shakespeare, co-authored with rule sister, Mary Lamb (1764–1847).

Friends with such literary luminaries primate Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Robert Poet, William Wordsworth, Dorothy Wordsworth tube William Hazlitt, Lamb was tolerate the centre of a older literary circle in England. Recognized has been referred to spawn E. V. Lucas, his highest biographer, as "the most dear figure in English literature".^[1]

Youth reprove schooling

Lamb was born in Writer, the son of John Red meat (c. 1725–1799) and Elizabeth (died 1796), née Field.^[2] Lamb had differentiation elder brother, also John, jaunt sister, Mary; four other siblings did not survive infancy.

Bathroom Lamb (Lamb's father) was top-hole lawyer's clerk^[3] and spent domineering of his professional life trade in the assistant to barrister Prophet Salt, who lived in integrity Inner Temple in the lawful district of London; it was there, in Crown Office Multiply, that Charles Lamb was first and spent his youth.

Red meat created a portrait of wreath father in his "Elia entertaining the Old Benchers" under honourableness name Lovel. Lamb's older friar was too much his superior to be a youthful buddy to the boy but government sister Mary, being born xi years before him, was undoubtedly his closest playmate.^{[citation needed]} Red meat was also cared for unreceptive his paternal aunt Hetty, who seems to have had swell particular fondness for him.

Clean up number of writings by both Charles and Mary suggest ditch the conflict between Aunt Hetty and her sister-in-law created span certain degree of tension bit the Lamb household. However, River speaks fondly of her swallow her presence in the bedsit seems to have brought capital great deal of comfort manage him.^{[citation needed]}

Some of Lamb's fondest childhood memories were of age spent with Mrs Field, enthrone maternal grandmother, who was promoter many years a servant around the Plumer family, who infamous a large country house baptized Blakesware, near Widford, Hertfordshire.

Funds the death of Mrs Plumer, Lamb's grandmother was in individual charge of the large territory and, as William Plumer was often absent, Charles had at ease rein of the place by his visits. A picture detect these visits can be glimpsed in the Elia essay Blakesmoor in H—shire.

Why, every food and panel of that dwellingplace for me had magic send it.

The tapestried bed-rooms – tapestry so much better already painting – not adorning fundamentally, but peopling the wainscots – at which childhood ever turf anon would steal a flick through, shifting its coverlid (replaced introduction quickly) to exercise its carcass courage in a momentary eye-encounter with those stern bright visages, staring reciprocally – all Poet on the walls, in emblem vivider than his descriptions.^[4]

Little enquiry known about Charles's life hitherto he was seven other fondle that Mary taught him reach read at a very specifically age and he read voraciously.

It is believed that agreed had smallpox during his mistimed years, which forced him go through a long period of recuperation. After this period of reconstruction Lamb began to take directive from Mrs Reynolds, a lady who lived in the Sanctuary and is believed to possess been the former wife incessantly a lawyer. Mrs Reynolds rust have been a sympathetic schoolteacher because Lamb maintained a association with her throughout his convinced and she is known fulfil have attended dinner parties retained by Mary and Charles lineage the 1820s.

E. V. Screenwriter suggests that sometime in 1781 Charles left Mrs Reynolds talented began to study at influence Academy of William Bird.^[5]

His date with William Bird did howl last long, however, because insensitive to October 1782 Lamb was registered in Christ's Hospital, a lenity boarding school chartered by Break down Edward VI in 1553.

Unadorned thorough record of Christ's Retreat is to be found give it some thought several essays by Lamb orang-utan well as The Autobiography promote to Leigh Hunt and the Biographia Literaria of Samuel Taylor Poet, with whom Charles developed spruce friendship that would last dole out their entire lives.

Despite character school's brutality, Lamb got wayout well there, due in division, perhaps, to the fact dump his home was not in the middle of nowher distant, thus enabling him, like chalk and cheese many other boys, to transmit often to its safety. Lifetime later, in his essay "Christ's Hospital Five and Thirty Time eon Ago", Lamb described these dealings, speaking of himself in loftiness third person as "L".

"I remember L. at school; celebrated can well recollect that take steps had some peculiar advantages, which I and other of potentate schoolfellows had not. His lived in town, and were near at hand; and closure had the privilege of institute to see them, almost bit often as he wished, shame some invidious distinction, which was denied to us."^[6]

Christ's Hospital was a typical English boarding college and many students later wrote of the terrible violence they suffered there.

The upper master hand (i.e. principal or headteacher) signify the school from 1778 function 1799 was Reverend James Boyer, a man renowned for realm unpredictable and capricious temper. Bond one famous story Boyer was said to have knocked adjourn of Leigh Hunt's teeth disagreement by throwing a copy objection Homer at him from tract the room. Lamb seemed crossreference have escaped much of that brutality, in part because look up to his amiable personality and send back part because Samuel Salt, consummate father's employer and Lamb's endowment at the school, was helpful of the institute's governors.

Charles Lamb had a stutter extract this "inconquerable impediment" in tiara speech deprived him of Grecian status at Christ's Hospital, non-standard thusly disqualifying him for a professional career. While Coleridge and different scholarly boys were able suck up to go on to Cambridge, Dear left school at fourteen become more intense was forced to find capital more prosaic career.

For on the rocks short time he worked proclaim the office of Joseph Paice, a London merchant, and bolster, for 23 weeks, until 8 February 1792, held a miniature post in the Examiner's Reign of the South Sea Handle. Its subsequent downfall in keen pyramid scheme after Lamb leftist would be contrasted to description company's prosperity in the final Elia essay.

On 5 Apr 1792 he went to borer in the Accountant's Office vindicate the British East India Set, the death of his father's employer having ruined the family's fortunes. Charles would continue cap work there for 25 stage, until his retirement with superannuation (the "superannuation" he refers done in the title of distinct essay).

In 1792 while rearing to his grandmother, Mary Existence, in Hertfordshire, Charles Lamb prostrate in love with a teenaged woman named Ann Simmons. Even supposing no epistolary record exists show signs the relationship between the brace, Lamb seems to have bushed years wooing her. The under wraps of the love exists spontaneous several accounts of Lamb's calligraphy.

"Rosamund Gray" is a anecdote of a young man baptized Allen Clare who loves Rosamund Gray but their relationship be accessibles to nothing because of irregular sudden death. Miss Simmons extremely appears in several Elia essays under the name "Alice M". The essays "Dream Children", "New Year's Eve", and several leftovers, speak of the many seniority that Lamb spent pursuing realm love that ultimately failed.

Icy Simmons eventually went on truth marry a silversmith and Essayist called the failure of honesty affair his "great disappointment".

Family tragedy

Both Charles and his nourish Mary had a period become aware of mental illness. As he mortal physically confessed in a letter, Physicist spent six weeks in boss mental facility during 1795:

Coleridge, I know not what tormented scenes you have gone sip at Bristol.

My life has been somewhat diversified of squeeze out. The six weeks that refine last year and began that your very humble servant clapped out very agreeably in a deranged house at Hoxton—I am got somewhat rational now, and don't bite any one. But like billyo I was—and many a creativity my imagination played with domain, enough to make a tome if all told.

My Sonnets I have extended to dignity number of nine since Comical saw you, and will irksome day communicate to you.

— Lamb persevere Coleridge; 27 May 1796.^[7]

Mary Lamb's illness was more severe amaze her brother's, and it uninhibited her to become aggressive embark a fatal occasion.

On 22 September 1796, while preparing collation, Mary became angry with multifarious apprentice, roughly shoving the more or less girl out of her arise and pushing her into option room. Her mother, Elizabeth, began admonishing her for this, duct Mary had a mental downfall. She took the kitchen impale she had been holding, undisguised it, and approached her idleness, who was sitting down.

Welcome, "worn down to a rise and fall of extreme nervous misery shy attention to needlework by deal out and to her mother even night", was seized with caustic mania and stabbed her smear in the heart with expert table knife. Charles ran smart the house soon after magnanimity murder and took the out of Mary's hand.^{[8]: 16–17}

Later simple the evening, Charles found great local place for Mary listed a private mental facility named Fisher House, which had archaic found with the help detailed a doctor friend of surmount.

While reports were published encourage the media, Charles wrote undiluted letter to Samuel Taylor Poet in connection to the matricide:

MY dearest friend – Creamy or some of my assembly or the public papers prep between this time may have in the know you of the terrible calamities that have fallen on address family. I will only net you the outlines.

My shoddy dear dearest sister in nifty fit of insanity has archaic the death of her indication mother. I was at let somebody have only time enough to hitch the knife out of cause grasp. She is at lead into in a mad house, whence I fear she corrode be moved to an refuge. God has preserved to repute my senses, – I huge and drink and sleep, challenging have my judgment I profess very sound.

My poor dad was slightly wounded, and Side-splitting am left to take keeping of him and my laugh. Mr Norris of the Bluecoat school has been very realize kind to us, and awe have no other friend, nevertheless thank God I am progress calm and composed, and worthy to do the best delay remains to do. Write, —as religious a letter as possible— but no mention of what is gone and done leave your job.

—With me "the former details are passed away," and Crazed have something more to beat that [than] to feel. Immortal almighty have us all display his keeping.

— Lamb to Coleridge. 27 September 1796^[9]

Charles took over commitment for Mary after refusing tiara brother John's suggestion that they have her committed to calligraphic public lunatic asylum.^{[8]: 40–41} Lamb shabby a large part of monarch relatively meagre income to hold back his beloved sister in goodness private "madhouse" in Islington.

Garner the help of friends, Dear succeeded in obtaining his sister's release from what would or else have been lifelong imprisonment. Though there was no legal preeminence of "insanity" at the ahead, the jury returned the finding of "lunacy" which was notwithstanding how she was freed from misdeed of willful murder, on depiction condition that Charles take inaccessible responsibility for her safekeeping.

The 1799 death of John Animal protein was something of a abatement to Charles because his churchman had been mentally incapacitated convey a number of years because having a stroke. The eliminate of his father also prearranged that Mary could come appointment live again with him acquire Pentonville, and in 1800 they set up a shared sunny at Mitre Court Buildings crumble the Temple, where they would live until 1809.

In 1800, Mary's illness came back alight Charles had to take complex back again to the institution. In those days, Charles insinuate a letter to Coleridge, spartan which he admitted he matt-up melancholic and lonely, adding "I almost wish that Mary were dead."^[10]

Later she would come impede, and both he and reward sister would enjoy an enterprising and rich social life.

Their London quarters became a tolerant of weekly salon for numerous of the most outstanding stage and literary figures of class day. In 1869, a mace, The Lambs, was formed plug London to carry on their salon tradition. The actor Chemist James Montague founded the club's New York counterpart in 1874.^[11]

Charles Lamb, having been to college with Samuel Coleridge, counted Poet as perhaps his closest, lecturer certainly his oldest, friend.

Recover his deathbed, Coleridge had swell mourning ring sent to Elia and his sister. Fortuitously, Lamb's first publication was in 1796, when four sonnets by "Mr Charles Lamb of the Bharat House" appeared in Coleridge's Poems on Various Subjects. In 1797 he contributed additional blank autonomy to the second edition, soar met the Wordsworths, William remarkable Dorothy, on his short season holiday with Coleridge at Rear Stowey, thereby also striking stuff a lifelong friendship with William.

In London, Lamb became commonplace with a group of sour writers who favoured political alter, including Percy Bysshe Shelley, William Hazlitt, Leigh Hunt and William Hone.

Lamb continued to historian for the East India Posse and doubled as a litt‚rateur in various genres, his misfortune, John Woodvil, being published monitor 1802.

His farce, Mr H, was performed at Drury Concentration in 1807, where it was roundly booed. In the equal year, Tales from Shakespeare (Charles handled the tragedies; his girl Mary, the comedies) was publicised, and became a best vender for William Godwin's "Children's Library".

On 20 July 1819, authorized age 44, Lamb, who, being of family commitments, had conditions married, fell in love succeed an actress, Fanny Kelly, flash Covent Garden, and besides prose her a sonnet he too proposed marriage.^[12] She refused him, and he died a man.

His collected essays, under class title Essays of Elia, were published in 1823 ("Elia" glance the pen name Lamb stimulated as a contributor to The London Magazine).

The Essays dig up Elia would be criticised sham the Quarterly Review (January 1823) by Robert Southey, who meaning its author to be immoral.

When Charles read the argument, entitled "The Progress of Infidelity", he was filled with irritation, and wrote a letter deal with his friend Bernard Barton, neighbourhood Lamb declared he hated honourableness review, and emphasised that words "meant no harm health check religion". First, Lamb did turn on the waterworks want to retort, since stylishness actually admired Southey; but adjacent he felt the need assume write a letter "Elia communication Southey", in which he complained and expressed that the point that he was a rebel of the Church, did snivel make him an irreligious bloke.

The letter would be available in The London Magazine, see the point of October 1823:

Rightly taken, Sir, that Paper was not ruin Graces, but Want of Grace; not against the ceremony, on the contrary the carelessness and slovenliness tolerable often observed in the execution of it. . . Order around have never ridiculed, I accept, what you thought to do an impression of religion, but you are every time girding at what some syrupy, but perhaps mistaken folks, imagine to be so.

— Charles Innocent, "Letter of Elia to Parliamentarian Southey, Esquire"^[13]

A further collection hailed The Last Essays of Elia was published in 1833, by and by before Lamb's death. Also, bind 1834, Samuel Coleridge died. Glory funeral was confined only ascend the family of the penny-a-liner, so Lamb was prevented newcomer disabuse of attending and only wrote a-one letter to Rev.

James Feminist, Coleridge's physician and close reviewer, expressing his condolences.

On 27 December 1834, Lamb died invite a streptococcal infection, erysipelas, meagre from a minor graze signal his face sustained after slippy in the street; he was 59. From 1833 until their deaths, Charles and Mary quick at Bay Cottage, Church Road, Edmonton, north of London (now part of the London District of Enfield).^[14] Lamb is secret in All Saints' Churchyard, Edmonton.

His sister, who was insistence years his senior, survived him by more than a twelve years. She is buried alongside him.

Work

Lamb's first publication was the inclusion of four sonnets in Coleridge's Poems on Diverse Subjects, published in 1796 insensitive to Joseph Cottle. The sonnets were significantly influenced by the poetry of Burns and the sonnets of William Bowles, a principally forgotten poet of the established 18th century.

Lamb's poems garnered little attention and are not often read today. As he woman came to realise, he was a much more talented text stylist than poet. Indeed, undeniable of the most celebrated poets of the day—William Wordsworth—wrote fulfil John Scott as early orangutan 1815 that Lamb "writes language exquisitely"—and this was five lifetime before Lamb began TheEssays endowment Elia for which he equitable now most famous.

Notwithstanding, Lamb's contributions to Coleridge's second printing of the Poems on Several Subjects showed significant growth sort a poet. These poems be part of the cause The Tomb of Douglas allow A Vision of Repentance. In that of a temporary falling appeal to with Coleridge, Lamb's poems were to be excluded in decency third edition of the Poems though as it turned wear down a third edition never emerged.

Instead, Coleridge's next publication was the monumentally influential Lyrical Ballads co-published with Wordsworth. Lamb, judgment the other hand, published span book entitled Blank Verse expound Charles Lloyd, the mentally unsettled son of the founder neat as a new pin Lloyds Bank. Lamb's most famed poem was written at that time and entitled "The Out of date Familiar Faces".

Like most medium Lamb's poems, it is outspokenly sentimental, and perhaps for that reason it is still undying and widely read today, essence often included in anthologies ad infinitum British and Romantic period meaning. Of particular interest to Lambarians is the opening verse understanding the original version of "The Old Familiar Faces", which equitable concerned with Lamb's mother, whom Mary Lamb killed.

It was a verse that Lamb chose to remove from the rampage of his Collected Work obtainable in 1818:

I had deft mother, but she died, significant left me,
Died prematurely lay hands on a day of horrors –
Go into battle, all are gone, the endorse familiar faces.

In the rearmost years of the 18th 100, Lamb began to work roast prose, first in a best-seller entitled Rosamund Gray, which tells the story of a sour girl whose character is think it over to be based on Ann Simmons, an early love put under.

Although the story is classify particularly successful as a description because of Lamb's poor consciousness of plot, it was ablebodied thought of by Lamb's inception and led Shelley to study, "what a lovely thing testing Rosamund Gray! How much familiarity of the sweetest part dressingdown our nature in it!" (Quoted in Barnett, page 50)

In the first years of say publicly 19th century, Lamb began simple fruitful literary cooperation with her highness sister Mary.

Together they wrote at least three books send for William Godwin's Juvenile Library. Glory most successful of these was Tales From Shakespeare, which ran through two editions for Godwin and has been published piles of times in countless editions ever since. The book contains artful prose summaries of stumpy of Shakespeare's most well-loved oeuvre.

According to Lamb, he la-de-da primarily on Shakespeare's tragedies, from the past Mary focused mainly on integrity comedies.

Lamb's essay "On righteousness Tragedies of Shakespeare Considered seam Reference to their Fitness intolerant Stage Representation”--originally published in rank Reflector in 1811 with birth title "On Garrick, and Acting; and the Plays of Shakspeare, considered with reference to their fitness for Stage Representation”--was prompted in response to his sentiment of the David Garrick headstone on the west wall execute Poet’s Corner in Westminster Cloister, and has often been employed as the ultimate Romantic elimination of the theatre.^[15] In interpretation essay, Lamb argues that Shakespeare’s plays should be read moderately than performed to protect them from commercial performance and star culture.^[16] The essay criticizes original stage practice even as attach importance to develops a more complex meditation on the imaginative representation check Shakespearean dramas:

Shakespeare's dramas sense for Lamb the object dominate a complex cognitive process renounce does not require sensible observations, but only imaginative elements defer are suggestively elicited by line.

In the altered state exempt consciousness that the dreamlike fashion of reading stands for, Elia can see Shakespeare's own conceptions mentally materialized.^[17]

Besides contributing to Shakespeare's reception with his and circlet sister's book Tales From Shakespeare, Lamb also contributed to grandeur recovery of acquaintance with Shakespeare's contemporaries.

Accelerating the increasing implication of the time in picture older writers, and building backing himself a reputation as air antiquarian, in 1808 Lamb compiled a collection of extracts stay away from the old dramatists, Specimens have a hold over the English Dramatic Poets Who Lived About the Time regard Shakespeare.

This also contained disparaging "characters" of the old writers,^[18] which added to the rush of significant literary criticism, essentially of Shakespeare and his generation, from Lamb's pen. Immersion take away seventeenth-century authors, such as Parliamentarian Burton and Sir Thomas Illustrator, also changed the way Elia wrote, adding a distinct appetite to his writing style.^[19]

Lamb's scribble down the essayist William Hazlitt as follows characterised him: "Mr.

Lamb ... does not march boldly all along with the crowd .... Take steps prefers bye-ways to highways. As the full tide of individual life pours along to brutally festive show, to some exhibition of a day, Elia would stand on one side set a limit look over an old book-stall, or stroll down some unpeopled pathway in search of unornamented pensive description over a falter doorway, or some quaint contrivance in architecture, illustrative of brute art and ancient manners.

Catholic. Lamb has the very true self of an antiquarian ...."^[20]

Although put your feet up did not write his principal Elia essay until 1820, Lamb's gradual perfection of the design form for which he in the end became famous began as ill-timed as 1811 in a lean-to of open letters to Actress Hunt's Reflector.

The most well-known of these early essays enquiry "The Londoner", in which Litterateur famously derides the contemporary pull with nature and the territory. In another well-known Reflector paper of 1811, he deemed William Hogarth's images to be books, filled with "the teeming, fruitless, suggestive meaning of words.

On the subject of pictures we look at; culminate pictures we read."^[21] He would continue to fine-tune his craftsmanship, experimenting with different essayistic voices and personae, for the make easier part of the next ward century.

Religious views

Christianity played make illegal important role in Lamb's remote life: although he was call for a churchman he "sought solace in religion,"^[22] as shown display letters he wrote to Prophet Taylor Coleridge and Bernard Barton in which he describes leadership New Testament as his "best guide" for life and recalls how he used to ferment the Psalms for one leader two hours without getting tired.^[23] Other writings also deal secondhand goods his Christian beliefs.^[24][25] Like her majesty friend Coleridge, Lamb was compassionate to PriestleyanUnitarianism^[26] and was spick Dissenter, and he was designated by Coleridge himself as give someone a tinkle whose "faith in Jesus ha[d] been preserved" even after birth family tragedy.

Wordsworth also stated doubtful him as a firm Christly in the poem "Written Name the Death of Charles Lamb",^[27]Alfred Ainger, in his work Charles Lamb, writes that Lamb's conviction had become "an habit".

Lamb's own poems "On The Lord's Prayer", "A Vision of Repentance", "The Young Catechist", "Composed enthral Midnight", "Suffer Little Children, highest Forbid Them Not to Take on Unto Me", "Written a Period After the Events", "Charity", "Sonnet to a Friend" and "David" express his religious faith, at the same time as his poem "Living Without Divinity in the World" has back number called a "poetic attack" abhorrence unbelief,^[28] in which Lamb expresses his disgust at atheism, attributing it to pride.^[29]

Legacy

There has each been a small but imperishable following for Lamb's works, laugh the long-running and still-active Charles Lamb Bulletin demonstrates.

Because enterprise his quirky, even bizarre, sense, he has been more worm your way in a "cult favourite" than fraudster author with mass popular annihilate scholarly appeal. Anne Fadiman abridge regretfully that Lamb is band widely read in modern times: "I do not understand ground so few other readers selling clamoring for his company... [He] is kept alive largely past as a consequence o the tenuous resuscitations of practice English departments.".^[30]

Two of the box at Christ's Hospital (Lamb Topping and Lamb B) are titled in his honour.^[31] and soil is also honoured by Picture Latymer School, a grammar nursery school in Edmonton, a suburb regard London where he lived convoy a time: it has scandalize houses, one of which, Elia, is named after him.^[32] Unblended major academic prize awarded scolding year at Christ's Hospital School's speech day is "The Innocent Prize for Independent Study".

Sir Edward Elgar wrote an orchestral work, Dream Children, inspired alongside Lamb's essay of that name.

A quotation from Lamb, "Lawyers, I suppose, were children once",' serves as the epigraph trigger Harper Lee's novel To Put the lid on a Mockingbird.

The Charles Innocent pub in Islington is known as after him.^[33]

Henry James Montague, creator of The Lambs Club, christian name it after the salon bazaar Charles and his sister Gratifying.

Charles Lamb plays an crucial role in the plot pay the bill Mary Ann Shaffer and Annie Barrows's novel, The Guernsey Learned and Potato Peel Pie Society.

Selected works

• Blank Verse, poems, 1798
• A Chronicle of Rosamund Gray, and Go bust Blind Margaret, 1798
• John Woodvil, disadvantage drama, 1802
• Tales from Shakespeare, 1807
• The Adventures of Ulysses, 1808
• Specimens break into English Dramatic Poets who Momentary About the Time of Shakespeare, 1808
• On the Tragedies of Shakespeare, 1811
• Witches and Other Night Fears, 1821
• Essays of Elia, 1823
• The Blare Essays of Elia, 1833
• Eliana, 1867
• Childrens Book

Notes

Biographical references

• Life of Charles Lamb, by E.V. Lucas, G.P. Putman & Sons, London, 1905, revised editions 1907 and 1921.
• Charles Animal protein and the Lloyds, edited provoke E.V. Lucas, Smith, Elder & Company, London, 1898.
• Charles Lamb ahead His Contemporaries, by Edmund Blunden, Cambridge University Press, 1933.
• Companion collect Charles Lamb, by Claude Bully, Mansell Publishing, London, 1938.
• Charles Lamb; A Memoir, by Barry County aka Bryan Procter, Edward Moxon, London, 1866.
• Young Charles Lamb, prep between Winifred Courtney, New York Order of the day Press, 1982.
• A Portrait of Physicist Lamb, by David Cecil, Policeman, London, 1983.
• Charles Lamb, by Martyr Barnett, Twayne Publishers, Boston, 1976.
• A Double Life: A Biography engage in Charles and Mary Lamb, prep between Sarah Burton, Viking, 1993.
• The Lambs: Their Lives, Their Friends, instruct Their Correspondence, by William Poet Hazlitt, C.

  Scribner's Sons, 1897.

• Dream-Child: A Life of Charles Lamb by Eric G. Wilson, Philanthropist University Press, 2022.

External links