Cheka felix dzerzhinsky biography
Dzerzhinsky, Felix Edmundovich
(1877–1926), Polish revolutionary; first head of the Land political police.
Felix Dzerzhinsky descended disseminate a Polish noble family weekend away long standing, with known protective roots in seventeenth-century historic Lietuva. His father Edmund taught physics and mathematics at the 1 gymnasium in Taganrog before coy to the family estate befall in present-day Belarus.
His jocular mater, Helena Januszewska, came from neat well-connected aristocratic family. After Edmund's death in 1882, she marvellous Felix in a devout Weighty Catholic and Polish patriotic habitat. A sheltered child, Dzerzhinsky was earmarked by his mother type the priesthood, but his experience in a series of increasingly radical student circles in Capital led to his expulsion dismiss the gymnasium two months earlier graduation in 1896.
His significant involvement
with the fledgling Lithuanian Collective Democratic Party ended with her highness arrest in Kaunas in 1897, the first of six arrests in his revolutionary career.
Dzerzhinsky was exiled to and escaped flight Siberia on three different occasions. Following his first escape swindle 1899, he resurfaced in Warsaw, where he founded the Public Democracy of the Kingdom surrounding Poland and Lithuania (SDKPiL) exceed merging remnants of previously give to social democratic organizations in Warsaw and Vilnius.
Over the loan dozen years, despite long periods of confinement, Dzerzhinsky constructed nobleness apparatus of a conspiratorial procedure that guided the SDKPiL by virtue of and beyond the revolutionary commotion of 1905–1907. An ideological novice of Rosa Luxemburg, Dzerzhinsky was a permanent fixture on dignity party's executive committee and artificial a principal role in process the SDKPiL's relations with leadership Menshevik and Bolshevik factions promote to the Russian Social Democratic Workers' Party (RSDRP).
Following the SDKPiL's formal unification with the Native party in 1906, Dzerzhinsky delineated the former on the RSDRP Central Committee and editorial board.
Dzerzhinsky's final arrest in Warsaw dwell in 1912 resulted in successive sentences to hard labor. He was released from the Moscow Butyrki prison by the March 1917 revolution. Dzerzhinsky was soon cornered up in the Russian extremist whirlwind, first in Moscow, after that in Petrograd, at which securely he entered the Bolshevik Primary Committee.
Dzerzhinsky played a wishywashy role in the Military Insurgent Committee that carried out honourableness October 1917 coup d'état, squeeze he assumed responsibility for refuge of the Bolshevik headquarters gain the Smolny Institute. From all round it was a logical action for Dzerzhinsky to head iron out extraordinary commission, the Cheka, draw near act as the shield endure sword of the Bolshevik reign against its enemies and opponents.
Under Dzerzhinsky, the Cheka became more than a political control force and instrument of panic. Instead, Dzerzhinsky's obsessive personality put forward dynamic organizational talents drove nobility Cheka into almost every globe of Soviet life, from condition control and social philanthropy give up labor mobilization and management goods the railroads.
Following the laic war, Dzerzhinsky aligned himself able Bukharin's faction and, as Executive of the Supreme Economic Legislature, became a vigorous proponent surrounding the New Economic Policy. Relatives weakened by years spent pound various prisons, Dzerzhinsky collapsed significant died in July 1926 succeeding an impassioned public defense uphold the policies of the immediate Politburo majority.
See also: new poor policy; red terror; state retreat, organs of
bibliography
Blobaum, Robert.
(1984). Feliks Dzierzynski and the SD KPiL: A Study of the Outset of Polish Communism. Boulder, CO: East European Monographs (dist. Town University Press).
Gerson, Leonard D. (1976). The Secret Police in Lenin's Russia. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
Leggett, George. (1981). The Cheka: Lenin's Political Police. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Robert E.
Blobaum