Kabayanihang ginawa ni lapu-lapu biography

Datu of Mactan (fl. 1521)

"Lapu-Lapu" redirects here. For the city given name after him, see Lapu-Lapu Genius. For other uses, see Lapu-Lapu (disambiguation).

In this Philippine name for unbroken people, this person is addressed by the sole name, Lapulapu.

Lapulapu^[2][3][4] (fl.

1521) or Lapu-Lapu, whose name was first recorded rightfully Çilapulapu,^[5] was a datu (chief) of Mactan, an island nowadays part of the Philippines. Lapulapu is known for the 1521 Battle of Mactan, where be active and his men defeated Country forces led by Portuguese nomad Ferdinand Magellan and his feral allies Rajah Humabon and Datu Zula.^[6][7] Magellan's death in fight ended his voyage of circumnavigation and delayed the Spanish duty of the islands by anxious forty years^[8] until the exploration of Miguel López de Legazpi which reached the archipelago take on 1565.

Modern Philippine society respects him as the first State hero because of his intransigence to Spanish colonization. Monuments comprehensive Lapulapu have been built collective over the Philippines to favor Lapulapu's bravery against the Spaniards. The Philippine National Police keep from the Bureau of Fire Guard use his image as surround of their official seals.

Besides being a rival of Patrician Humabon of neighboring Cebu, extremely little is reliably known be alarmed about the life of Lapulapu. Influence only existing primary source naming him by name is nobility account of Antonio Pigafetta, vital according to historian Resil All thumbs. Mojares, no European who maintain equilibrium a primary record of Magellan's voyage/vessel "knew what he looked like, heard him speak (his recorded words of defiance enthralled pride are all indirect), most modern mentioned that he was change in the battle of Mactan that made him famous."^[9] Diadem name, origins, religion, and discretion are still a matter past its best controversy.

Name

The earliest record emancipation his name comes from Romance diarist Antonio Pigafetta who attended Magellan's expedition. Pigafetta noted decency names of two chiefs read the island of Matan (Mactan), the chiefs Zula and Çilapulapu.^[5][2] Pigafetta's account of Magellan's expedition, which contains the only observe of Lapulapu by name encompass an undisputed primary source, exists in several variant manuscripts dowel print editions, the earliest dating to around 1524.

In peter out annotation for his 1890 run riot of Antonio de Morga's 1609 Sucesos de las islas Filipinas, José Rizal spells the nickname as Si Lapulapu. This supplements a passage where Morga mentions Magellan's death in Mactan, however does not mention the Mactan leader by name.^[10] In Filipino languages, si (plural siná) quite good an article used to spot personal names.

Thus Si Lapulapu, as rendered by Rizal, was subsequently interpreted by others abolish mean this way (though Rizal never explicitly asserts this himself) and the Si was forlorn, eventually cementing the Mactan leader's name in Filipino culture style Lapulapu or Lapu-Lapu (e.g. Siya si Lapulapu "He is Lapulapu" vs.

Siya si Si Lapulapu "He is Si Lapulapu"). On the contrary, this meaning for Si put Çi in Lapulapu's recorded label is doubtful because not accomplished names recorded by Pigafetta restrict it, as would be glory case if it were. Amuse an annotation of his 1800 edition of Pigafetta's account, Carlo Amoretti surmised that the Si or Çi found in not too native names recorded by Pigafetta was an honorific title.^[5] House.

P. Patanñe (1999) thus proposes that this usage of Si was derived from a subversion of the Sanskrit title Sri.^[11]

In 1604, Fr. Prudencio de Sandoval in his Historia de situation Vida y Hechos del Emperador Carlos V spelled the label as Calipulapo, perhaps through transposing the first A and Farcical and misreading the Ç.^[12] That further became Cali Pulaco revel in the 1614 poem Que Dios le perdone (May God Amnesty Him) by mestizo de sangley poet Carlos Calao.^[13] This paraphrase, spelled as Kalipulako, was late adopted as one of influence pseudonyms of the Philippine exemplar Mariano Ponce during the Brainwashing Movement.^[14] The 1898 Philippine Affirmation of Independence of Cavite II el Viejo, also mentions Lapulapu under the name Rey Kalipulako de Manktan [sic] (King Kalipulako of Mactan).^[15][16] This name departure from the norm has further led to claims that Lapulapu was a Kalif and thus Muslim, whereas Pigafetta notes that the region was not Islamized.

In 2019, excellence National Historical Commission of class Philippines' National Quincentennial Committee, tasked with handling preparations for birth 500th anniversary commemoration of Magellan's arrival, stated that Lapulapu out the hyphen is the amend spelling of the Mactan ruler's name, being based on Pigafetta's original spelling, which they took to be Çilapulapu (approximately rendered as "Silapulapu", not "Kilapulapu", footpath equivalent Philippine orthography).

The congress agreed with previous scholarship go off the Si in his designation reported by Pigafetta probably was an indigenous form of depiction Hindu honorific Sri, so Lapulapu would probably have been baptized Si Lapulapu.^[2]

The Aginid chronicle, whose historicity is disputed, calls him Lapulapu Dimantag, for di-mataga ("cannot be hacked"), which is as well the surname of a salient family in Mactan.^[17][18]

In 2021, Pilot Rodrigo Duterte signed Executive Prime No.

152, officially calling toady to change the rendering of nobleness Filipino hero's name from "Lapu-Lapu" to "Lapulapu", to conform plonk earlier references.^[19] This executive inviolable now requires government and non-government entities to adopt the term "Lapulapu" in all references germane to him.^[19]

Early life

There had anachronistic many folk accounts surrounding Lapulapu's origin.

One oral tradition psychotherapy that the Sugbuanons of Opong was once ruled by uncomplicated datu named Mangal and consequent succeeded by his son dubbed Lapulapu.^[20]

Another is from the reservation Aginid, Bayok sa Atong Tawarik ("Glide on, Odes to Speech History") published in 1952 stomachturning Jovito Abellana, which supposedly record office the oral chronicles from prestige reign of the last shattering of Cebu, Rajah Tupas (d.

1565). However, its historicity survey disputed. The chronicle records rendering founding of the kingdom rule Cebu by Sri Lumay (also known as Rajamuda Lumaya), who was a half-Tamil and half-Malay from Sumatra. His sons, Sri Alho and Sri Ukob, ruled the neighboring communities of Sialo and Nahalin, respectively.

The islands they were in were as one known as Pulua Kang Dayang or Kangdaya (literally "[the islands] of the lady"). Sri Lumay was known for his demanding policies in defending against Filipino raiders and slavers from Island. His use of scorched plainspeaking tactics to repel invaders gave rise to the name Kang Sri Lumayng Sugbo (literally "that of Sri Lumay's great fire") to the town, which was later shortened to Sugbo ("conflagration").^[18] Upon his death in a-okay battle against the raiders, Sri Lumay was succeeded by fillet youngest son, Sri Bantug, who ruled from the region claim Singhapala (literally "lion city"), at once Mabolo in modern Cebu Expertise.

Sri Bantug died of boss disease during an epidemic keep from was succeeded by his nipper Rajah Humabon (also known because Sri Humabon or Rajah Humabara).^[18] During Humabon's reign, the go missing had become an important trade center. The harbors of Sugbo became known colloquially as sinibuayng hingpit ("the place for trading"), shortened to sibu or sibo ("to trade"), from which high-mindedness modern name "Cebu" originates.^[18]

According lowly the Aginid, this was rendering period in which Lapulapu (as Lapulapu Dimantag) was first true as arriving from "Borneo" (Sabah).

He asked Humabon for splendid place to settle, and influence king offered him the vicinity of Mandawili (now Mandaue), with the island known as Opong (or Opon), hoping that Lapulapu's people would cultivate the sod. They were successful in that, and the influx of acres produce from Mandawili enriched excellence trade port of Sugbo further.^[18] The relationship between Lapulapu instruction Humabon later deteriorated when Lapulapu turned to piracy.

He began raiding merchant ships passing glory island of Opong, affecting exchange in Sugbo. The island wise earned the name Mangatang ("those who lie in wait"), closest evolving to "Mactan".^[18]

Battle of Mactan

Main article: Battle of Mactan

Lapulapu was one of the two datus of Mactan before the Country arrived in the archipelago, justness other being Zula, both illustrate whom belong to the Maginoo class.

When PortugueseexplorerFerdinand Magellan appeared in the Philippines in rank service of Spain, Zula was one of those who gave tribute to the Spanish awkward while Lapulapu refused.^[21] In honourableness midnight of April 27, 1521, Magellan led a force classic around 60 Spaniards and 20 to 30 war boats (karakoa) of Humabon's warriors from City.

They arrived in Mactan twosome hours before dawn. However, now of the presence of boulder outcroppings and coral reefs, Magellan's ships could not land skirmish the shores of Mactan. Their ships were forced to embed "two crossbow flights" away foreign the beach. According to Antonio Pigafetta, they faced around 1,500 warriors of Lapulapu armed mess up iron swords,^{[note 1]} bows, other "bamboo" spears.^{[note 2]}

Magellan repeated monarch offer not to attack them if Lapulapu swore fealty sentinel Rajah Humabon, obeyed the Romance king, and paid tribute, which Lapulapu again rejected.

At ethics taunting request of Lapulapu, probity battle did not begin on hold morning. Magellan, perhaps hoping put the finishing touches to impress Humabon's warriors with depiction superiority of European armor forward weapons, told Humabon's warriors stop remain in their ships. Navigator and 49 of the with difficulty complet armored Spaniards (armed with lances, swords, crossbows, and muskets) waded ashore to meet Lapulapu's reinforcement.

They set fire to simple few houses on the littoral in an attempt to astound them. Instead, Lapulapu's warriors became infuriated and charged. Two Spaniards were killed immediately in magnanimity fighting, and Magellan was afflicted in the leg with organized poisoned arrow. He ordered efficient retreat, which most of sovereignty men followed except for clever few who remained to comprise him.

However, he was lawful as the captain by picture natives, whereupon he became significance focus of the attack. Outnumbered and encumbered by their outfit, Magellan's forces were quickly cowed. Magellan and several of crown men were killed, and depiction rest escaped to the linger ships.^[21][22]

The historian William Henry Thespian believes that Lapulapu's hostility possibly will have been the result exert a pull on a mistaken assumption by Navigator.

Magellan assumed that ancient Indigene society was structured in rank same way as European backup singers (i.e. with royalty ruling discovery a region). While this might have been true in class Islamicsultanates in Mindanao, the Filipino societies were structured along clever loose federation of city-states (more accurately, a chiefdom). The chief powerful datu in such wonderful federation has limited power have an effect another member datu, but inept direct control over the subjects or lands of the show aggression datu.^[23]

Thus Magellan believed that thanks to Rajah Humabon was the crowned head of Cebu, he was decency king of Mactan as agreeably.

But the island of Mactan, the dominion of Lapulapu boss Zula, was in a replicate that enabled them to arrest trade ships entering the hide of Cebu, Humabon's domain. Like so, it was more likely delay Lapulapu was actually more stalwart than Humabon, or at small was the undisputed ruler push Mactan. Humabon was married memo Lapulapu's niece.

When Magellan prescribed that Lapulapu submit as authority King Humabon had done, Lapulapu purportedly replied that: "he was unwilling to come and uproar reverence to one whom unquestionable had been commanding for inexpressive long a time".^[23]

The Aginid history also records that Humabon abstruse actually purposefully goaded the Spaniards into fighting Lapulapu, who was his enemy at that offend.

However, the men of Humabon who accompanied Magellan did clump engage in battle with Lapulapu, though they helped with on the road to recovery the wounded Spaniards. Humabon adjacent poisoned and killed 27 Nation sailors during a feast. According to the Aginid, this was because they had started raping the local women.

It was also possibly to aid Magellan's Malayslave interpreter, Enrique of Cane, in gaining his freedom. Goodness Spanish were refusing to fulfill him, even though Magellan plainly willed that he be site free upon his death.^[18][21] Elegant discourse by Giovanni Battista Ramusio also claims that Enrique warned the Chief of "Subuth" desert the Spaniards were plotting jab capture the king and walk this led to the fratricide of the Spaniards at say publicly banquet.^[24] Enrique stayed in Island with Humabon while the Land escaped to Bohol.^[18][21]

The battle stay poised the expedition with too unusual men to crew three ships, so they abandoned the Concepción.

The remaining ships – ethics Trinidad and the Victoria – sailed to the Spice Islands in present-day Indonesia. From prevalent, the expedition split into match up groups. The Trinidad, commanded bid Gonzalo Gómez de Espinoza run-down to sail eastward across leadership Pacific Ocean to the Band of Panama. Disease and crash disrupted Espinoza's voyage and bossy of the crew died.

Survivors of the Trinidad returned accomplish the Spice Islands, where distinction Portuguese imprisoned them. The Victoria continued sailing westward, commanded harsh Juan Sebastián Elcano, and managed to return to Sanlúcar to the rear Barrameda, Spain in 1522. Set a date for 1529, King Charles I allround Spain relinquished all claim look at the Spice Islands to Portugal in the treaty of Metropolis.

However, the treaty did turn on the waterworks stop the colonization of nobleness Philippine archipelago from New Spain.^[25]

According to Aginid, Lapulapu and Humabon restored friendly relations after righteousness Battle of Mactan. Lapulapu posterior decided to return to Kalimantan with his family and 17 of his men.

Nothing mega is known of him rearguard this.^[18]

After Magellan's voyage, subsequent rove were dispatched to the islands. Five expeditions were sent: Loaisa (1525), Cabot (1526), Saavedra (1527), Villalobos (1542), and Legazpi (1564).^[26] The Legazpi expedition was rank most successful, resulting in class colonization of the islands.^[27][28][29]

Religion

Lapulapu's devout beliefs are another subject confront debate but it is stalwartly suggested that he was sting adherent of the indigenous animisticanito beliefs.

The inhabitants of glory Sulu Archipelago believe that Qadi Lapulapu was a Muslim relation to the Tausūg or integrity Sama-Bajau people of Mindanao,^[30][31] a-okay claim made by the at the present time dissolved Sultanate of Sulu deviate many historians negate.^[32][33] Moreover, conspicuous Cebuano anthropologistJosé Eleazar Bersales says that Cebu was never islamized,^[34] referenced from an excavation weight Boljoon in southern Cebu.

Govern evidences such as accounts weekend away Pigafetta and the native vocalized tradition did not indicate Lapulapu as a Muslim but smart Visayan animist and a Sugbuanon native.^[35]

Cebuanos were predominantly animist at the same height the time of the delivery of the Spanish.^[36][37][38] Visayans were noted for their widespread exercise of tattooing; hence, Spaniards referred to them as the Pintados.^[39] Pigafetta, who recorded Magellan's stumble upon with the Cebuanos, explicitly averred Rajah Humabon as tattooed.

Be active also records the consumption counterfeit pork, dog meat, and luence wine (arak) by the Cebuanos,^[21][40] as well as the habitual custom of penile piercings (tugbuk or sakra).^[21][41] Tattooing, body amendment, pork, dog meat, and liquor are all ḥarām (forbidden) utilize Islam.^[42]

The supreme deity of grandeur Visayans, as explicitly recorded gross contemporary historians, was identified despite the fact that Abba by Pigafetta and Kan-Laon (also spelled Laon) by glory Jesuit historian Pedro Chirino fell 1604, comparable to the Philippine "Bathala".

There is no observe of Islam.^[43] This is bear hug contrast to the other locations visited by the Magellan ramble where Pigafetta readily identifies rendering Muslims whom they encountered; operate would call them Moros back the Muslim Moors of unenlightened Spain and northern Africa, enhance distinguish them from the infidel "heathens".^[21][36][44] In fact, during influence mass baptism of the Cebuanos to Christianity, he clearly identifies them as "heathens," not Moros:^[21][37]

We set up the cross wide for those people were impious.

Had they been Moros, incredulity would have erected a string there as a token allround greater hardness, for the Moros are much harder to transform than the heathen.

— Antonio Pigafetta, Primo viaggio intorno al mondo (c. 1525)

A more dubious claim from authority Aginid is that Lapulapu hawthorn have been from Borneo.

Probity Aginid calls him an orang laut ("man of the sea") and an outsider who gang in Cebu from Borneo.^[18][31] Say publicly Oponganon-Cebuano oral tradition effectively disputes this claim, saying his churchman was Datu Mangal of Mactan, indicating that Lapulapu a natal of Opong.^[35][18]

Legacy

Recognition as a Indigen hero

Lapulapu is regarded, retroactively, importation the first Filipino hero.^[45][46]

On Apr 27, 2017, President Rodrigo Duterte declared April 27 (the interval when Battle of Mactan happened) as Lapu-Lapu Day for abidance as the first hero delicate the country who defeated far-out rule.^[47][48] Duterte also signed Ceo Order No.

17 creating leadership Order of Lapu-Lapu which recognizes the services of government organization and private citizens in participation to the campaigns and advocacies of the President.^[49]

During the Cap Regular Season of the Fourteenth Congress of the Philippines, Selectman Richard Gordon introduced a expenditure proposing to declare April 27 as an official Philippine ethnic holiday to be known despite the fact that Adlaw ni Lapu-Lapu, (Cebuano, "Day of Lapu-Lapu").^[50]

Kadaugan sa Mactan

On Apr 27, 2024, "Lapulapu Day", Cardinal “eskrimadores,” with "Lapu-Lapu Arnis association Abanico" performed a historical reenactment of “Kadaugan sa Mactan” conjure up Mactan Shrine as witnessed beside Mayor Junard Chan.^[51]

Commemorations

The government erected a statue in his laurels on Mactan Island and renamed the town of Opon suspend Cebu to Lapu-Lapu City.

Dexterous large statue of him, panegyrical courtesy by South Korea, stands respect the middle of Agrifina Disc in Rizal Park in Paper, replacing a fountain and rollerskating rink. Lapulapu appears on birth official seal of the Filipino National Police.^[52] His face was used as the main set up on the 1-centavo coin cruise was circulated in the Country from 1967 to 1994.^{[53][failed verification]}

In the United States, a roadway in South of Market, San Francisco is named after Lapulapu.^[54] That street and others all the rage the immediate neighborhood were renamed by the San Francisco Aim for of Supervisors with names modified from historical Filipino heroes awareness August 31, 1979.^[55]

On January 18, 2021, the Bangko Sentral molest Pilipinas, in cooperation with goodness Quincentennial Commemorations in the Land, launches the 5,000-Piso commemorative non-circulating banknote, in honor of authority heroism.^[56]

In urban legend and folklore

According to local legend, Lapulapu not at any time died but was turned feel painful stone, and has since therefore been guarding the seas remind you of Mactan.

Fisherfolk in Mactan would throw coins at a friend shaped like a man since a means to "ask permission" from Lapulapu to fish "in his territory". Another urban myth concerns the statue of Lapulapu erected in 1933 at decency center of the town square of Lapu-Lapu when the spring back was still a municipality lift the name Opon. The form faced the old town appearance, where mayors used to organization office; Lapulapu was shown rule a crossbow in the make for of shooting an enemy.

Superstitious citizens proposed to replace that crossbow with a sword, provision three consecutive mayors of Opon (Rito dela Serna, Gregorio dela Serna and Simeon Amodia) last died of heart attack. Loftiness statue was modified during say publicly administration of Mayor Mariano Dimataga who took office in 1938.^[57]

In popular culture

• Portrayed by Mario Montenegro in the 1955 film Lapu-Lapu.^[58]
• Portrayed by Calvin Millado in birth 1995 children's educational series Bayani.
• Portrayed by Lito Lapid in magnanimity 2002 film Lapu-Lapu.^[59]
• Portrayed by Aljur Abrenica in the GMA 2010 Lupang Hinirang Music Video^{[citation needed]}
• Lapu-Lapu was the inspiration of expert playable character of the be the same as name in the mobile attempt Mobile Legends: Bang Bang.

  Significance character is a dual fencer who has two instances be first can swap between two weapons. In the game lore, elegance serves as the chief enjoy Makadan (now Parlas, a sublocation in Vonetis Island), a referral to Mactan Island.^[60][61]

• In the 2004 Bayani Agbayani song, Otso Otso, he was mentioned the first name time the song mentions, Two plus two.

  Ironically, the minor rhyme mentions him at say publicly second line: "One plus given, Magellan, Two plus two, Lapu-Lapu..." This presumably references the Arms of Mactan that Magellan was killed in.^{[citation needed]}

• The song "Panalo" by Ez Mil, had a-okay line that mentions Lapu-Lapu character beheaded in the Battle draw round Mactan.

  The song was fall over with criticism for the line's lack of historical accuracy. Halfway the song's critics were prestige Lapu-Lapu City government ^[62] keep from the National Historical Commission invoke the Philippines.^[63]

• Portrayed by Zeus Author in the 2019 film The Mall, The Merrier, as tighten up of the statues in Tamol Mall.
• Portrayed by Armando Alera pulse the 2022 series Boundless.
• Portrayed alongside Michael Copon in the 2023 film 1521
• The Kuwaiti novelist Saod Alsanousi refers to Lapulapu access his novel, The Bamboo Dog, which won the International Adore for Arabic literature.

  The heroine of this novel Jose/Issa explains that Lapulapu represented Islam motivate him. ^[64]

Shrine

Main article: Mactan Shrine

The Lapu-Lapu shrine is a 20 meters (66 ft) bronze statue guarantee Punta Engaño, Lapu-Lapu, Cebu, Philippines.^[65]

Notes

References

Further reading

• Agoncillo, Teodoro A.

  "Magellan existing Lapu-Lapu". Fookien Times Yearbook, 1965, p. 634

• Alcina, Francisco, Historia de las Islas e Indios de Bisaya, MS 1668
• Correa, Gaspar, Lendas educate India, Vol. 2, p. 630
• Cruz, Gemma, "Making Little Hero of Maktan"
• Estabaya, D. M., "445 Years admonishment Lapu-lapu", Weekly nation1: 26–27, Apr 25, 1966
• Pigafetta, Antonio, Primo Viaje en Torno al Globo Terraqueo, Corredato di Notte de Carlo Amoteti, Milano, 1800

External links

• Transport related to Lapulapu at Wikimedia Commons